VOO vs VTI: Returns, Drawdowns and Dividends Since 2016
VOO (Vanguard S&P 500 ETF) and VTI (Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF) moved almost in lockstep: their daily returns had a correlation of 0.996, where 1 would mean identical. VOO came out ahead, returning 15.1% a year with dividends reinvested from January 2016 to November 2026, against 14.6% for VTI.
Bought on any day and held five years, VOO finished ahead 86% of the time. Both fell about 35% at their worst, in March 2020.
| Measure | VOO | VTI |
|---|---|---|
| Annual return | 15.1% | 14.6% |
| $10,000 grew to | $45,670 | $43,623 |
| Worst decline | −34.0%Mar 2020 | −35.0%Mar 2020 |
| Volatility Volatility How much the fund's daily returns swing: their standard deviation over this period, annualized with the square root of 252 trading days. | 17.7% | 18.0% |
| Sharpe ratio Sharpe ratio Return above T-bills for each unit of risk: daily returns minus the T-bill ETF BIL, averaged, divided by their standard deviation and annualized. Higher is better. T-bill funds show none. Sharpe ratio calculator | 0.76 | 0.73 |
| 12-month yield 12-month yield Cash dividends with ex-dividend dates in the past 12 months, divided by the latest closing price. | 1.1% | 1.0% |
| Best year | +31.4%2019 | +30.7%2019 |
| Worst year | −18.2%2022 | −19.5%2022 |
| Correlation between them Correlation How closely the two funds' daily returns moved together over this period: 1 means identical every day, 0 means no relation. | 0.996 | |
VOO: Vanguard S&P 500 ETFVTI: Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF
Jan 4, 2016 to Nov 4, 2026, dividends reinvested.
Hover or use the arrow keys to read any day.Tap or drag across the chart to read any day.
Worst declines
VOO fell 34.0% from Feb 19, 2020 to Mar 23, 2020 and was back at its high on Aug 10, 2020. VTI fell 35.0% from Feb 19, 2020 to Mar 23, 2020 and was back at its high on Aug 12, 2020.
Hover or use the arrow keys to read any day.Tap or drag across the chart to read any day.
Year by year
VOO was ahead in 8 of the 11 calendar years.
| Year | VOO | VTI | Ahead (pts) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 (to Nov 4) | +13.4% | +13.4% | Even |
| 2025 | +17.8% | +17.1% | VOO+0.7 |
| 2024 | +25.0% | +23.8% | VOO+1.2 |
| 2023 | +26.3% | +26.1% | VOO+0.3 |
| 2022 | −18.2% | −19.5% | VOO+1.3 |
| 2021 | +28.8% | +25.7% | VOO+3.1 |
| 2020 | +18.3% | +21.0% | VTI+2.7 |
| 2019 | +31.4% | +30.7% | VOO+0.7 |
| 2018 | −4.5% | −5.2% | VOO+0.7 |
| 2017 | +21.8% | +21.2% | VOO+0.6 |
| 2016 (from Jan 4) | +13.8% | +14.5% | VTI+0.8 |
Held for 1, 3 or 5 years: which came out ahead
Buy on any trading day from Jan 4, 2016, hold for a set time, and see which fund ended higher. The periods overlap, so they show how much the start date mattered, not separate results.
| Hold | Days tested | Ahead more often | Median lead (pts) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 year | 2,474 | VOO68% | +0.6 |
| 3 years | 1,970 | VOO86% | +2.4 |
| 5 years | 1,466 | VOO86% | +6.0 |
Median lead is the typical gap in total return across all start dates, in percentage points. The latest 5-year hold starts on Oct 27, 2021.
Dividends
Over the past 12 months VOO paid 1.1% of its price in dividends and VTI 1.0%. The returns above already include them, reinvested on each ex-dividend date.
Dividends per share by year
| Year | VOO | VTI |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 (to Nov 4) | $5.66 3 payments | $3.00 3 payments |
| 2025 | $7.07 4 payments | $3.76 4 payments |
| 2024 | $6.70 4 payments | $3.67 4 payments |
| 2023 | $6.36 4 payments | $3.41 4 payments |
| 2022 | $5.95 4 payments | $3.18 4 payments |
| 2021 | $5.44 4 payments | $2.93 4 payments |
| 2020 | $5.30 4 payments | $2.77 4 payments |
| 2019 | $5.57 4 payments | $2.90 4 payments |
| 2018 | $4.74 4 payments | $2.60 4 payments |
| 2017 | $4.37 4 payments | $2.34 4 payments |
| 2016 (from Jan 4) | $4.14 4 payments | $2.21 4 payments |
Per share in today's shares (earlier amounts are restated for share splits), by ex-dividend date.
The two funds
- VOO
- Vanguard S&P 500 ETF, an ETF launched Sep 7, 2010. FinLab prices start Jan 4, 2016.
- VOO price and signal backtests
- VTI
- Vanguard Morningstar Total Stock Market ETF, an ETF launched May 24, 2001. FinLab prices start Jan 4, 2016.
- VTI price and signal backtests
More comparisons
Source: FinLab U.S. fund prices, Jan 4, 2016 to Nov 4, 2026, the days both funds traded. Returns use prices adjusted for dividends and splits, before taxes; annual return is compounded.
For research and education. Past returns do not guarantee future results, and this is not investment advice.